ChartOur World in Data

Data instruments used to estimate literacy

This figure illustrates the type of sources that countries use to estimate literacy rates. The three categories include censuses (e.g. national population censuses), surveys (e.g. Demographic and Health Surveys), and indirect inference (e.g. extrapolation from educational attainment data).

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Our World in Data
Updated
20 Feb 2018
Last checked
17 Sept 2026
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Data visualization: Data instruments used to estimate literacy

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UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2017)

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