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Share of all deaths attributed to sub-optimal temperatures

Based on data over the period from 2000 to 2019. Cold and heat can increase the risk of developing certain health conditions or worsen existing ones, such as respiratory infections, cardiovascular, or kidney disease. Most of these deaths result from "moderately cold" temperatures, rather than extremes.

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Our World in Data
Updated
19 Mar 2024
Last checked
17 Sept 2026
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Data visualization: Share of all deaths attributed to sub-optimal temperatures

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Zhao et al. (2021). Global, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures from 2000 to 2019: a three-stage modelling study.

Attribution: Zhao et al. (2021). Global, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures from 2000 to 2019: a three-stage modelling study.

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