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Water and sanitation

Water access, sanitation services, resources, use and water stress.

Water statistics cover several distinct questions: whether households can reach a service, how safely that service is managed, how much water a sector withdraws, and how available resources compare with demand. A high national access rate does not describe service continuity or local scarcity, while a withdrawal total does not by itself measure environmental pressure.

This topic collects reviewed public-source assets and preserves the information needed to interpret them. Asset pages expose the original provider, latest known update, citation and reuse conditions. Publishers should also inspect whether a measure is a population share, physical volume, rate or modeled estimate, and whether rural and urban coverage are combined.

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Selected water and sanitation assets

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Chart · Our World in Data

Land area in hectares

Total land area, measured in hectares. 100 hectares is one square kilometer. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.